PORTFOLIO PRESENTATION (part 1)

NOTE: We have put the glossary not in one part but in two due to space reasons. The text begins with this first part of the glossary. 

And: O.E. and, ond, orig. meaning "thereupon, next," from P.Gmc. *unda (cf. O.S. endi, O.Fris. anda, M.Du. ende, O.H.G. enti, Ger. und, O.N. enn), cognate with L. ante, Gk. anti. Phrase and how as an exclamation of emphatic agreement dates from early 1900s.

therto →there+to: there: O.E. þær "in or at that place," from P.Gmc. *thær (cf. O.S. thar, O.Fris. ther, M.L.G. dar, M.Du. daer, Du. daar, O.H.G. dar, Ger. da, Goth. þar, O.N. þar), from PIE *tar- "there" (cf. Skt. tar-hi "then"), from base *to- (see the) + adverbial suffix -r. Interjectional use is recorded from 1535. To have been there "had previous experience of some activity" is recorded from 1877.

to: O.E. to "in the direction of, for the purpose of, furthermore," from W.Gmc. *to (cf. O.S., O.Fris. to, Du. too, O.H.G. zuo, Ger. zu "to"), from PIE pronomial base *do- "to, toward, upward" (cf. L. donec "as long as," O.C.S. do "as far as, to," Gk. suffix -de "to, toward," O.Ir. do, Lith. da-). In O.E., the preposition (go to town) leveled with the adverb (the door slammed to) except where the adverb retained its stress (tired and hungry too); there it came to be written with -oo (see too). The nearly universal use of to with infinitives (to sleep, to dream, etc.) arose in M.E. out of the O.E. dative use of to, and helped drive out the O.E. inflectional endings (though in this use to itself is a mere sign, without meaning). Commonly used as a prefix in M.E. (to-hear "listen to," etc.), but few of these survive (to-do, together, and time references like today, tonight, tomorrow -- Chaucer also has to-yeere). To and fro "side to side" is attested from 1340. Phrase what's it to you "how does that concern you?" goes back a long way: "Huæd is ðec ðæs?" [John xxi.22, in Lindisfarne Gospel, c.950] 

Brood: O.E. brod, from P.Gmc. *brod (cf. M.Du. broet, O.H.G. bruot), lit. "that which is hatched by heat," from *bro- "to warm, heat," from PIE *bhre- "burn, heat, incubate," from base *bhreue- "to boil, bubble, effervesce, burn" (see brew). The verbal figurative meaning ("to incubate in the mind") is first recorded 1571, from notion of "nursing" one's anger, resentment, etc.

Brew: O.E. breowan (class II strong verb, past tense breaw, past participle browen), from P.Gmc. *breuwan "to brew" (cf. O.N. brugga, O.Fris. briuwa, M.Du. brouwen), from PIE base *bhreue- "to bubble, boil, effervesce" (cf. Skt. bhurnih "violent, passionate," Gk. phrear "well, spring," L. fervere "to boil, foam," Thracian Gk. brytos "fermented liquor made from barley;" O.E. beorma "yeast;" O.H.G. brato "roast meat"), the original sense thus being "make a drink by boiling." The noun is 1510, from the verb. Brewery (1658) replaced brewhouse (1373).

As: c.1175, worn-down form of O.E. alswa "quite so" (see also). Equivalent to so; any distinction in use is purely idiomatic. Related to Ger. als "as, than."

Also: O.E. eallswa "exactly so," compound of all + so. The demonstrative sense of "similarly" weakened to "in addition to" in 12c., replacing eke. The compound has parallel forms in Ger. also, Du. alzoo. Also-ran is attested from 1896, originally in ref. to horse-races.

though: c.1200, from O.E. þeah, and in part from O.N. þo "though," both from P.Gmc. *thaukh (cf. Goth. þauh, O.Fris. thach, M.Du., Du. doch, O.H.G. doh, Ger. doch), from PIE demonstrative pronoun *to- (see that). The evolution of the terminal sound did not follow laugh, tough, etc., though a tendency to end the word in "f" existed c.1300-1750 and persists in dialects.

it: O.E. hit, neut. nom. & acc. of third pers. sing. pronoun, from P.Gmc. demonstrative base *khi- (cf. O.Fris. hit, Du. het, Goth. hita "it"), which is also the root of he. As gender faded in M.E., it took on the meaning "thing or animal spoken about before." The h- was lost due to being in an unemphasized position, as in modern speech the h- in "give it to him," "ask her," "is only heard in the careful speech of the partially educated" [Weekley]. It "the sex act" is from 1611; meaning "sex appeal (especially in a woman)" first attested 1904 in works of Rudyard Kipling, popularized 1927 as title of a book by Elinor Glyn, and by application of It Girl to silent-film star Clara Bow (1905-1965). In children's games, meaning "the one who must tag the others" is attested from 1842. 

were: O.E. wæron (past plural indicative of wesan) and wære (second person singular past indicative); see was. The forms illustrate Verner's Law (named for Danish linguist Karl Verner, 1875), which predicts the "s" to "z" sound shift, and rhotacism, which changed "z" to "r." Wast (second person sing.) was formed 1500s on analogy of be/beest, displacing were. An intermediate form, wert, was used in literature 17c.-18c., before were reclaimed the job. 

a: indefinite article, c.1150, a variation of O.E. an (see an) in which the -n- began to disappear before consonants, a process mostly complete by 1340. The -n- also was retained before words beginning with a sounded -h- until c.1600; it still is retained by many writers before unaccented syllables in h- or (e)u-, but is now no longer normally spoken as such. The -n- also lingered (especially in southern England dialect) before -w- and -y- through 15c. 

an: indefinite article, 12c., from O.E. an (with a long vowel) "one, lone," also used as a prefix an- "single, lone;" see one for the divergence of that word from this one. Also see a, of which this is the older, fuller form. In other European languages, identity between indefinite article and the word for "one" remains explicit (e.g. Fr. un, Ger. ein, etc.) O.E. got by without indefinite articles: He was a good man in O.E. was he wæs god man. Circa 15c., a and an commonly were written as one word with the following noun, which contributed to the confusion over how such words as newt and umpire ought to be divided (see N). In Shakespeare, etc., an sometimes is a contraction of as if (a usage first attested c.1300), especially before it. 

spade(1): "tool for digging," O.E. spadu, from P.Gmc. *spadon (cf. O.Fris. spada, M.Du. spade, O.S. spado, M.L.G. spade, Ger. Spaten), from PIE *spe- "long, flat piece of wood" (cf. Gk. spathe "wooden blade, paddle," O.E. spon "chip of wood, splinter," O.N. spann "shingle, chip"). To call a spade a spade "use blunt language" (1542) translates a Gk. proverb (known to the Romans), but Erasmus mistook Gk. skaphe "trough, bowl" for a derivative of the stem of skaptein "to dig," and the mistake has stuck. The original, then, is "to call a bowl a bowl." 

spade(2): "figure on playing cards," 1598, probably from It. spade, pl. of spada "sword, spade," from L. spatha "broad, flat weapon or tool," from Gk. spathe "broad blade" (see spade (1)). Phrase in spades "in abundance" first recorded 1929 (Damon Runyon), probably from bridge, where spades are the highest-ranking suit. "The invitations to the musicale came sliding in by pairs and threes and spade flushes." [O.Henry, "Cabbages & Kings," 1904] Derogatory meaning "black person" is 1928, from the colour of the playing card symbol.  

upon: 1121, from up + on, probably influenced by O.N. upp a. Distinct from O.E. uppan which merely meant "up." In the mod. Scand. tongues, except Icelandic and Færöese, the reduced form pa, paa, corresponding to Eng. (colloq. or dial.) 'pon, 'po', has displaced the simple prep. å, aa = on. [OED] 

the: late O.E. þe, nom. masc. form of the demonstrative pronoun and adj. After c.950, it replaced earlier se (masc.), seo (fem.), þæt (neut.), and probably represents se altered by the þ- form which was used in all the masc. oblique cases (see below). O.E. se is from PIE base *so- "this, that" (cf. Skt. sa, Avestan ha, Gk. ho, he "the," Ir., Gael. so "this"). For the þ- forms, see that. The s- forms were entirely superseded in Eng. by c.1250, excepting dial. survival slightly longer in Kent. O.E. used 10 different words for "the" (see table, below), but did not distinguish "the" from "that." That survived for a time as a definite article before vowels (cf. that one or that other). Adv. use in the more the merrier, the sooner the better, etc. is a relic of O.E. þy, originally the instrumentive case of the neuter demonstrative þæt (see that). 

cop: two entries.

cop(v): 1704, northern British dialect, "seize," perhaps from M.Fr. caper "seize, to take," from L. capere "to take"; or from Du. kapen "to take," from O.Fris. capia "to buy." Cop out (v.) and cop-out (n.) are Amer.Eng., first recorded 1942, probably from cop a plea (c.1925) "plead guilty to lesser charges." 

cop(n): "policeman," 1859, abbreviation of earlier copper (1846), from the verb.

right(adj.1): "morally correct," O.E. riht "just, good, fair, proper, fitting, straight," from P.Gmc. *rekhtaz (cf. O.H.G. reht, Ger. recht, O.N. rettr, Goth. raihts), from PIE base *reg- "move in a straight line," also "to rule, to lead straight, to put right" (see regal; cf. Gk. orektos "stretched out, upright;" L. rectus "straight, right;" O.Pers. rasta- "straight, right," aršta- "rectitude;" O.Ir. recht "law;" Welsh rhaith, Breton reiz "just, righteous, wise"). Cf. slang straight "honest, morally upright," and L. rectus "right," lit. "straight," Lith. teisus "right, true," lit. "straight." Gk. dikaios "just" (in the moral and legal sense) is from dike "custom." The noun sense of "just claim" was in O.E. and P.Gmc. As an emphatic, meaning "you are right," it is recorded from 1588; use as a question meaning "am I not right?" is from 1961. The phrase to rights "at once, straightway" is 1663, from sense "in a proper manner" (M.E.). The sense in right whale is "justly entitled to the name." Phrase right off the bat is 1914, earlier hot from the bat (1888), probably a baseball metaphor; right stuff "best human ingredients" is from 1848, popularized by Tom Wolfe's 1979 book about the first astronauts. Right on! as an exclamation of approval first recorded 1925 in black slang, popularized mid-1960s by Black Panther movement. Right of way is attested from 1768. 

of: O.E. of, unstressed form of æf (prep., adv.) "away, away from," from P.Gmc. *af- (cf. O.N. af, O.Fris. af, of "of," Du. af "off, down," Ger. ab "off, from, down"), from PIE *apo- "off, away". Primary sense in O.E. was still "away," but shifted in M.E. with use of the word to translate L. de, ex, and especially O.Fr. de, which had come to be the substitute for the genitive case. "Of shares with another word of the same length, as, the evil glory of being accessory to more crimes against grammar than any other." [Fowler] 

his: O.E. his (gen. of he), from P.Gmc. *khisa (cf. Goth. is, Ger. es). Originally also the neut. possessive pronoun, but replaced in that sense c.1600 by its. In M.E., hisis was tried for the absolute pronoun (cf. her/hers), but it failed to stick. For dialectal his'n. 

nose: O.E. nosu, from P.Gmc. *nusus (cf. O.N. nös, O.Fris. nose, Du. neus, O.H.G. nasa, Ger. nase), from PIE *nas- (cf. Skt. nasa, O.Pers. naham, O.C.S. nasu, Lith. nosis, L. nasus "nose"). Used to indicate "something obvious" from 1591. The verb sense of "pry, search" first recorded 1648, from the noun. Pay through the nose (1672) seems to suggest "bleed." "Kiv, It could bee no other then his owne manne, that had thrust his nose so farre out of ioynte." ["Barnabe Riche His Farewell to Military Profession," 1581]

he: O.E. he (see paradigm of O.E. third pers. pronoun below), from P.Gmc. *hiz, from P.Gmc. base *khi-, from PIE *ki-, the "this, here" (as opposed to "that, there") root (cf. Hittite ki "this," Gk. ekeinos "that person," O.C.S. si, Lith. sis "this"), and thus the source of the third person pronouns in O.E. The feminine, hio, was replaced in early M.E. by forms from other stems, while the h- wore off O.E. neut. hit to make modern it. The P.Gmc. root is also the source of the first element in Ger. heute "today," lit. "the day" (cf. O.E. heodæg). Slang he-man "masculine fellow" is from 1832, originally among U.S. pioneers. 

hade: from the Old English Dictionary:

 trans. To ordain.

c900 tr. Bæda's Hist. II. vii[i]. (1890) 118 æt he biscopas hadian moste. 975 O.E. Chron. an. 931 Her mon hadode Byrnstan bisceop to Wintan ceastre. c1200 ORMIN 10881 Hadedd Till bisscopp orr till unnderrpreost. c1275 LAY. 21856 Alle at hoded were, bissopes and canounes. 1340 Ayenb. 235 Of clerkes y-hoded. Hence haded ppl. a.; also absol., one in holy orders; hading vbl. n., ordination. c1000 Inst. Polity in Thorpe Anc. Laws (1840) II. 316 Æt hadunge. a1100 O.E. Chron. an. 1014 Ealle e hadode e læwede. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 31 For ne do hit none swo ofte se e hodede. c1200 ORMIN 13255 Att hadedd manness hande. Ibid. 15967 Whatt mann sitt iss att take her Forr hadinng ani mede. [Etymology uncertain; possibly a dialectal form of head, retaining the older pronunciation of that word: cf. tread, trade.]     intr. To incline or slope from the vertical, as a shaft, or a vein or fault. Hence hading vbl. n. = HADE n.²; also attrib. 1747 HOOSON Miner's Dict. Kij, The side on which the Plim Line will fall is called the Hadeing-side; and according to the Hadeing of this the other flys off, and that we call the Hanging-side. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts II. 778 Hadings signify that some parts of the veins incline.

werte: in relation of the meaning of our translation and the class of word that can be we think that the following word may show a possibility close to the original word illustrated in the text. Considering that this word can be an adjective we believe that the meaning is very similar to the modern meaning of worth, whose etymologic analysis show us a close word in form and meaning.worth(1): O.E. weorð "equal in value to," from P.Gmc. *werthaz “toward, opposite,” hence “equivalent, worth" (cf. O.Fris. werth, O.N. verðr, Du. waard, O.H.G. werd, Ger. wert, Goth. wairþs "worth, worthy"), perhaps a derivative of PIE *wert- "to turn, wind," from base *wer- "to turn, bend". O.C.S. vredu, Lith. vertas "worth" are Gmc. loan-words. Worthless is first attested 1588; worthwhile is recorded from 1884.

theron→there+on

on: O.E. on, unstressed variant of an "in, on, into," from P.Gmc. (cf. Du. aan, Ger. an, Goth. ana "on, upon"), from PIE base *ano "on" (cf. Avestan ana "on," Gk. ana "on, upon," L. an-, O.C.S. na, Lith. nuo "down from"). Also used in O.E. in many places where we would now use in. From 16c.-18c. (and still in northern England dialect) often reduced to o'. Phrase on to "aware" is from 1877.

stood: from stand stand: O.E. standan (class VI strong verb; past tense stod, pp. standen), from P.Gmc. *sta-n-d- (cf. O.N. standa, O.S., Goth. standan, O.H.G. stantan, Swed. stå, Du. staan, Ger. stehen), from PIE base *sta- "to stand" (cf. Skt. tisthati "stands," Gk. histemi "cause to stand, set, place," L. stare "stand," Lith. stojus, O.C.S. stajati; see stet). Sense of "to exist, be present" is attested from c.1300. Meaning "to pay for as a treat" is from 1821. Phrase stands to reason (1620) is from earlier stands (is constant) with reason. Phrase stand pat is originally from poker (1882); stand down in the military sense of "go off duty" is first recorded 1916. Standing ovation attested by 1968; standing army is from 1603.

toft: we think that this word has a Scandinavian origin because we have seen as suffix in many words of that origin.

herys:Uncertain etymology due to an absolute lack of documentation. 

reed: O.E. hreod "reed," from P.Gmc. *khreudom (cf. O.S. hraid, O.Fris. hriad, M.Du. ried, O.H.G. hriot, Ger. riet), no known cognates beyond Gmc. As part of the mouthpiece of a musical instrument it is attested from 1530. A reedy voice (1811) is so called from resemblance to musical sound of a reed.

brustles, brustle:  [Early ME. brustlien, parallel to bræstlien: see BRASTLE. Probably onomatopic: expressing a duller or more muffled sound than brastle. Cf. rustle, bustle.]  1. intr. To make a crackling or rustling noise. c1205 LAY. 20143 Breken braden speren, Brustleden sceldes. Ibid. 20080 Brustlede scæftes. 1393 GOWER Conf. II. 93 He..brustleth as a monkes froise, Whan it is throwe into the panne. 1755 JOHNSON, Brustle, to crackle, to make a small noise. (Skinner.)    b. Of the noise of waves. 1622 FLETCHER Sp. Curate IV. vii, See where the sea comes, how it foams and brussels.     2. To go hastily with a rustling noise. Cf. bustle. 1638 H. RIDER Horace's Odes I. (1644) 21 The..green-skind adder brustled through a bush.

sowes, sow: O.E. sugu, su "female of the swine," from P.Gmc. *sugo (cf. O.S., O.H.G. su, Ger. Sau, Du. zeug, O.N. syr), from PIE base *su- (cf. Skt. sukarah "wild boar, swine;" Avestan hu "wild boar;" Gk. hys "swine;" L. sus "swine," swinus "pertaining to swine;" O.C.S. svinija "swine;" Lett. sivens "young pig;" Welsh hucc, Ir. suig "swine; O.Ir. socc "snout, plowshare"), possibly imitative of pig noise, a notion reinforced by the fact that Skt. sukharah means "maker of (the sound) 'su.' " Related to swine. As a term of abuse for a woman, attested from 1508. 

erys: from the Old English Dicitionary: Forms: 6-7 uris-, 6 wyris-, uyerris-, 7 vrs-, 8 urs-, erys-, 9 eris-; 8- ure (9 eure). [ad. ONorw. øyrir (Norw. øyre, øre), = MSw. and Sw. öre, MDa. and Da. øre, Icel. eyrir, ounce of silver (also denoting a standard value and latterly a coin), ad. L. aureus a gold solidus (taken at its value in silver); the original vowel remains unmutated in the ON. pl. aurar. Cf. ORA¹ and ORE⁴.]  1. In genitive combinations (ON. øyris-, eyris-).    a. uris-land [ON. øyrisland, MSw. örisland], land giving the rent of one-eighth of a mark; an ounce-land. (From the feu-duty formerly paid to the superior.) Obs. exc. Hist. 1534 in Orkney & Shetl. Rec. (1907) 64 Quhatsumevir that pertenis..to ws..wythin the half wyris land of Sabbaye. 1589 in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. (1890) 460/1 The landis of Trosnes extending to ane urisland. 1592 Ibid. (1892) 117/2 My 6 merk land and 2 uyerris land of Kildabuster. 1627 in Peterkin Rentals of Orkney (1820) III. 94 Lying in the vrs~lands off Brabister. 1772 G. GIFFORD in Low Orkney (1879) 144 Our Ure or Ursland..contains 18 Pennylands. 1795 Statist. Acc. Scot. XIV. 323 Every Erysland of 18 penny land had one [chapel] for matins and vespers. 1805 BARRY Orkney 220 The entries are first by islands and parishes,..and lastly by marklands, erislands [printed erls-] or ounce~lands.  b. uris-cop [ON. øyris-, eyris-kaup], = prec. 1609 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 128/2, 6 lie uriscoppis in Glenna, cum lie quoyis. Ibid., 9 lie uriscoppis de Mo.  c. uris-thift, stolen goods to the value of an ounce of silver. Obs.^{1 1602 Shetland Law Rep. in Scotsman (1886) 29 Jan. 7/1 Gif he beis apprehendit with the walor of an uristhift.   2. ure of land, = 1a. [So MSw. öre.] [1624 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. (1894) 212/1, 2 merc. 5 lie uris terrarum de Brabister.] 1799 Statist. Acc. Scotl. XXI. 278 In these parishes there are 1618 merks 4 ures of land. 1821 SCOTT Pirate i, Scarce a merkscarce even an ure of land.} 

^{nosethirles→nose-thirl: from the Old English Dictionary Now Sc. and Eng. regional (north. and east.) and arch. a1333 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (BL Add.) 69 Nosethorles [v.rr. naseirles, therles, thyrls; glossing Anglo-Norman (a1325 Cambr.) nariz]. c1350 in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 20 Nose gristul & nose-thurles. c1387-95 CHAUCER Canterbury Tales Prol. 557 His nosethirles [v.rr. nosethrilles, nosetherlis, nos-relles, noise thrilles, nose therl, nose-urles] blake were and wyde. 1447 O. BOKENHAM Lives of Saints 6931 Of so greth conforth & adour In-to er nosethyrllys dede ascende, at alle here spyrytys begunne to amende. 1480 CAXTON Trevisa's Higden (1527) I. xxii. 20 Sponges watred and holden at theyr nosethyrles. a1500 (1422) J. YONGE tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 208 By the noos-thurles we haue knowlech of odeurs and stynches. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 110 Thair nois thirlis can nouther sauer nor smell.} 

blake→black: O.E. blæc "black," from P.Gmc. *blak- (cf. O.N. blakkr "dark," Du. blaken "to burn"), from PIE *bhleg- "burn, gleam" (cf. Gk. phlegein "to burn, scorch," L. flagrare "to blaze, glow, burn"). Same root produced O.E. blac "white, bright" (see bleach), the common notion being "lack of hue." The main O.E. word for "black" was sweart. "In ME. it is often doubtful whether blac, blak, blake, means 'black, dark,' or 'pale, colourless, wan, livid.' " Adjective used of dark-skinned people in O.E. The noun in this sense is first attested 1625 (blackamoor is from 1547; see moor). Of coffee, first attested 1796. Sense of "dark purposes, malignant" emerged 1583 (e.g. black art, 1590). Black list "list of persons who have incurred suspicion" is from 1692. 

wyde→wide: O.E. wid, from P.Gmc. *widas (cf. O.S., O.Fris. wid, O.N. viðr, Du. wijd, O.H.G. wit, Ger. weit), perhaps from PIE *wi-ito-, from base *wi- "apart, away." Wide open "unguarded, exposed to attack" (1915) originally was in boxing, etc. Wide awake (adj.) is first recorded 1818; fig. sense of "alert, knowing" is attested from 1833. Widespread is recorded from 1705. 

swerd→sword: O.E. sweord, from P.Gmc. *swerdan (cf. O.S., O.Fris. swerd, O.N. sverð, Swed. svärd, M.Du. swaert, Du. zwaard, O.H.G. swert, Ger. Schwert), related to O.H.G. sweran "to hurt," from *swertha-, lit. "the cutting weapon," from PIE base *swer- "to cut." Contrast with plowshare is from the O.T. (e.g. Isaiah ii.4, Micah iv.3). Swordfish is first attested c.1400; swordplay is O.E. sweordplege. Phrase put (originally do) to the sword "kill, slaughter" is recorded from 1338. 

bokeler→buckler: from the Old English Dictionary 

Forms: 3-4 boceler, 4 bookeler, 4-5 bocler, bock-, bokeler(e, bokler, buclere, bukler, -are, 6 bouc-, buccler, 7 bucklar, 6- buckler.  1. A small round shield; in England the buckler was usually carried by a handle at the back, and ‘used not so much for a shield as for a warder to catch the blow of an adversary’ (Fairholt, s.v. Buckler), but sometimes it was larger, and fastened by straps to the arm. Sometimes wrongly applied to any kind of shield. Also attrib.  a1300 K. Alis. 1190 Laddes, That sweord and boceleris hadde. c1386 CHAUCER Prol. 558 A swerd and a bocler baar he by his side. c1440 Promp. Parv. 42 Bokelere, pelta, ancile, parma. 1570 FLORIO 1st Fruites 17b, What weapon is that buckler? A clownish dastardly weapon. 1611 BIBLE 1 Chron. v. 18 Men able to beare buckler and sword. 1659 PEARSON Creed (1839) 280 He brought the bucklers stamped with the pictures of Cæsar into Jerusalem. 1760 GRAY Corr. (1843) 207 A pave..is a very large buckler..big enough to cover the tallest man. buckler: "small, round shield used to ward off blows," 1300, from O.Fr. boucler, from L. *buccularius (adj.) "having a boss," from buccula. 

bar: "tavern," 1592, from the bars of the barrier or counter over which drinks or food were served to customers. Barmaid is from 1772; bar-tender is 1836, Amer.Eng.; barfly "habitual drunkard" is from 1910. 

by: O.E. be (unstressed) or bi (stressed), from P.Gmc. *bi "around, about" (cf. Du. bij, Ger. bei "by, at, near"), from *umbi, (cognate with second element in PIE *ambhi "around," cf. Skt. abhi "toward, to," Gk. amphi- "around, about"). Originally an adverbial particle of place, in which sense it is retained in place names (Whitby, Grimsby, etc.). Elliptical use for "secondary course" (opposed to main) was in O.E. This also is the sense of the second by in the phrase by the by (1615). Bygone is from 1424; by-product is from 1857; bystander from 1619; byline of a newspaper article, etc., is from 1926. Phrase by and by (c.1314) originally meant "one by one," modern sense is from 1526. By and large (1669) was originally nautical, "sailing to the wind and off it," hence "in one direction then another." 

syde→side: O.E. side "flanks of a person, the long part or aspect of anything," from P.Gmc. *sithon (cf. O.S. sida, O.N. siða, M.Du. side, O.H.G. sita, Ger. Seite), from adj. *sithas "long" (cf. O.E. sid "long, broad, spacious," O.N. siðr "long, hanging down"), from PIE base *se- "long, late" (cf. L. serus "late," Lith. sietuva "deep place in a river," M.Ir. sith, M.Breton hir "long"). Original sense preserved in countryside. Fig. sense of "position or attitude of a person or set of persons in relation to another" (cf. choosing sides) first recorded c.1250. Meaning "music on one side of a phonograph record" is first attested 1936. Phrase side by side "close together and abreast" is recorded from c.1205. Restaurant phrase on the side "apart from the main dish" is attested from 1884, Amer.Eng. Side-splitting "funny" is first attested 1860. Sidebar "secondary article in a newspaper" is recorded from 1948. Sideman "supporting musician" is first attested 1936. Sideboard "table placed near the side of a room" is from c.1300.

mouth: O.E. muþ, from P.Gmc. *munthaz (cf. O.Fris. muth, O.N. munnr, M.Du. mont, Ger. Mund, Goth. munþs "mouth"), with characteristic loss of nasal consonant in O.E. (cf. tooth, goose, etc.), from PIE *mnto-s (cf. L. mentum "chin"). In the sense of "outfall of a river" it is attested from c.1122; as the opening of anything with capacity (a bottle, cave, etc.) it is recorded from c.1200. The verb is c.1300, "to speak," from the noun. Mouthful "a lot to say" is from 1748. 

greet: O.E. gretan "to come in contact with" (in sense of "attack, accost" as well as "salute, welcome"), from W.Gmc. *grotja (cf. O.S. grotian, O.Fris. greta, Du. groeten, O.H.G. gruozen, Ger. grußen "to salute, greet"), perhaps originally "to resound" (via notion of "cause to speak"), causative of P.Gmc. *grætanan, root of O.E. grætan (Anglian gretan) "weep, bewail," and greet still means "cry, weep" in Scot. & northern England dialect. Grætan is probably also the source of the second element in regret. First record of greeting card is from 1898. 

forneys→furnance: from the Old English Dictionary. Forms: 3 furneise, 4-5 f(o)urneys(e, fo(u)rnays(e, fournas, fornayce, fornes, (5 fornas, furnasee), 4-6 forneys(e, f(o)urneis, furnes(s, (5 furnoys, 6 furneyse, fournes), 6-7 fornace, (6 fournace, furnise), 6- furnace.     1. a. An apparatus consisting essentially of a chamber to contain combustibles for the purpose of subjecting minerals, metals, etc. to the continuous action of intense heat.   In modern use it chiefly denotes a building of masonry lined with firebrick, used for metallurgical operations, the baking of pottery, or the like; but it is also applied to smaller apparatus (usually constructed of iron) used in chemistry, assaying, etc. a1225 Juliana 32 As u..te reo children..biwistest unweommet from e ferliche fur of e furneise. a1340 HAMPOLE Psalter xvi. 4 e fournas at purges metall. 1382 WYCLIF Matt vi. 30 The heye of the feeld, that to day is, and to morwe is sente in to the fourneyse. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) III. vii. 55 With fyre pykes they cast them in the forneis. 1535 COVERDALE Prov. xvii. 3 Like as syluer is tried in the fire and golde in the fornace. 1544 T. PHAER Regym. Lyfe (1553) Iiijb, Baken or dryed as clay is in the fourneis. 1600 SHAKES. A.Y.L. II. vii. 148 The Louer, Sighing like Furnace. 1664 EVELYN Kal. Hort. (1729) 229 A plain single Furnace, (such as Chymists use in their Laboratories for common Operations). 1725 DE FOE Voy. round World (1840) 272 Running like liquid metal out of a furnace. 1837 WHITTOCK, etc. Bk. Trades (1842) 130 The furnaces, retorts and other apparatus are too numerous to be described. 1872 ELLACOMBE Ch. Bells Devon i. 11 On the signal being given, the furnaces were tapped, and the metal flowed. 

was: O.E. wesan, wæs, wæron 1st and 3rd person sing. of wesan "to remain," from P.Gmc. *wesanan (cf. O.S. wesan, O.N. vesa, O.Fris. wesa, M.Du. wesen, Du. wezen, O.H.G. wesen "being, existence," Goth. wisan "to be"), from PIE base *wes- "remain, abide, dwell" (cf. Skt. vasati "he dwells, stays;" cf. vestal). Wesan was a distinct verb in O.E., but it came to supply the past tense of am. This began to develop in P.Gmc., since it is also the case in Gothic and Old Norse. 

janglere→jangle: c.1300, "to talk excessively," from O.Fr. jangler "to chatter" (12c.), perhaps from Frank. *jangelon "to jeer" (cf. M.Du. jangelen "to whine"). Meaning of "make harsh noise" is first recorded 1494. 

goliardeys: from the Old English Dictionary. goliardeys: [ad. OF. goliardois, f. goliard.]     = GOLIARD. 1377 LANGL. P. Pl. B. Prol. 139 Thanne greued hym a goliardeys, a glotoun of wordes. c1386 CHAUCER Prol. 560 He was a Ianglere and a goliardeys. [a1643 W. CARTWRIGHT Ordinary II. ii. (1651) 25 Sans fail I wene you bin A Jangler, and a golierdis.] goliard:   One of the class of educated jesters, buffoons, and authors of loose or satirical Latin verse, who flourished chiefly in the 12th and 13th c. in Germany, France, and England. 1483 CAXTON Gold. Leg. 35 b/2 They goon every day as goliardes in habyte shynyng and ryall apparayll. 1865 WRIGHT Hist. Caricature x. 163 But above all he was the father of the Goliards, the ‘ribald clerks’, as they are called. 

that: O.E. þæt, neuter sing. of the demonstrative pronoun and adj. (corresponding to masc. se, fem. seo), from P.Gmc. *that, from PIE *tod-, extended form of demonstrative pronomial base *to- (cf. Skt. ta-, Lith., O.C.S. to, Gk. to "the," L. talis "such"). Cf. the. Emerged c.1200 as a demonstrative adj. with the breakdown of the O.E. grammatical gender system, perhaps by infl. of Fr. and L., which had demonstrative adjectives (O.E. did not). Slang that way "in love" first recorded 1929. That-a-way is recorded from 1839. "Take that," said while delivering a blow, is recorded from c.1425.

moost→most: O.E. mast "greatest number, amount, extent," earlier mæst, from P.Gmc. *maistaz (cf. O.S. mest, O.N. mestr, Ger. meist, Goth. maists "most"), superlative form of P.Gmc. *maiz, root of O.E. ma, mara. Used in O.E. as superl. of micel "great, large". Vowel influenced by more. Original sense of "greatest" survives in phrase for the most part (c.1400). Slang meaning "the best, extremely good" is attested from 1953. Double superlative mostest is 1885, from U.S. Southern and Black English. 

synne→sin: O.E. synn "moral wrongdoing, offense against God, misdeed," from P.Gmc. *sundjo (cf. O.S. sundia, O.Fris. sende, M.Du. sonde, Ger. Sünde "sin, transgression, trespass, offense"), probably ult. "true" (cf. Goth. sonjis, O.N. sannr "true"), from PIE *es-ont-, prp. of base *es- "to be". The semantic development is via notion of "to be truly the one (who is guilty)," as in O.N. phrase verð sannr at "be found guilty of," and the use of the phrase "it is being" in Hittite confessional formula. The same process probably yielded the L. word sons (gen. sontis) "guilty, criminal" from prp. of sum, esse "to be, that which is." Some etymologists believe the Gmc. word was an early borrowing directly from the L. genitive. Sin-eater is attested from 1686. To live in sin "cohabit without marriage" is from 1838. Ice hockey slang sin bin "penalty box" is attested from 1950. 

harlotries, harlotry→harlot: c.1225, "vagabond," from O.Fr. herlot, arlot "vagabond, tramp" (usually male in M.E. and O.Fr.), with forms in O.Prov. (arlot), O.Sp. arlote), and It. (arlotto), of unknown origin. Used in both positive and pejorative senses by Chaucer; applied to jesters, buffoons, jugglers, later to actors. Sense of "prostitute" probably had developed by 14c. but reinforced by use as euphemism for "strumpet, whore" in 16c. translations of the Bible. The word may be Gmc., with an original sense of "camp follower," if the first element is hari "army," as some suspect. 

wel(adv.): "in a satisfactory manner," O.E. wel, common Gmc. (cf. O.S. wela, O.N. vel, O.Fris. wel, Du. wel, O.H.G. wela, Ger. wohl, Goth. waila "well"), from PIE *wel-, *wol- (cf. Skt. prati varam "at will," O.C.S. vole "well," Welsh gwell "better," L. velle "to wish, will," O.E. willan "to wish). Also used as an interjection and an expression of surprise in O.E. Well-to-do "prosperous" is recorded from 1825. 

koude→could: O.E. cuðe, pt. of cunnan "to be able" (see can (v.)); ending changed 14c. to standard Eng. -d(e). The -l- was added 16c. on model of would, should, where it is historic.

can: O.E. 1st & 3rd pers. sing. pres. indic. of cunnan "know, have power to, be able," (also "to have carnal knowledge"), from P.Gmc. *kunnan "to be mentally able, to have learned" (cf. O.N. kenna "to know, make known," O.Fris. kanna "to recognize, admit," Ger. kennen "to know," Goth. kannjan "to make known"), from PIE base *gno-. Absorbing the third sense of "to know," that of "to know how to do something" (in addition to "to know as a fact" and "to be acquainted with" something or someone). An O.E. preterite-present verb, its original p.p., couth, survives only in its negation, but cf. could. Cannot is attested from c.1400; can't first recorded 1706 (O.E. expressed the notion by ne cunnan). 

stelen→steal: O.E. stelan "to commit a theft" (class IV strong verb; past tense stæl, pp. stolen), from P.Gmc. *stelanan (cf. O.S. stelan, O.N., O.Fris. stela, Du. stelen, O.H.G. stelan, Ger. stehlen, Goth. stilan), of unknown origin. Most IE words for steal have roots in notions of "hide," "carry off," or "collect, heap up." Attested as a verb of stealthy motion from c.1300 (e.g. to steal away, c.1369); of glances, sighs, etc., from 1586. The noun meaning "a bargain" is Amer.Eng. colloquial attested by 1942; baseball sense of "a stolen base" is from 1867. To steal (someone) blind first recorded 1974. 

corn: "grain," O.E. corn, from P.Gmc. *kurnam "small seed," from PIE base *ger- "wear away" (O.Slav. zruno "grain," Skt. jr- "to wear down," L. granum). The sense of the O.E. word was "grain with the seed still in" rather than a particular plant. Locally understood to denote the leading crop of a district. Restricted to corn on the cob in America (originally Indian corn, but the adjective was dropped), usually wheat in England, oats in Scotland and Ireland, while korn means "rye" in parts of Germany. Introduced to China by 1550, it thrived where rice did not grow well and was a significant factor in the 18th century population boom there. Cornflakes first recorded 1907. Corned beef so called for the "corns" or grains of salt with which it is preserved. Cornrows as a hair style is first recorded 1971. Corny "old-fashioned" is Amer.Eng. 1932, originally, "something appealing to country folk." 

tollen→toll(v.): "to sound with single strokes," 1452, probably a special use of tollen "to draw, lure," c.1220 variant of O.E. -tyllan in betyllan "to lure, decoy," and fortyllan "draw away, seduce," of obscure origin. The notion is perhaps of "luring" people to church with the sound of the bells, or of "drawing" on the bell rope. 

thries→three: O.E. þreo, fem. and neut. (masc. þri, þrie), from P.Gmc. *thrijiz (cf. O.Fris. thre, M.Du., Du. drie, O.H.G. dri, Ger. drei, O.N. þrir, Dan. tre), from PIE *trejes (cf. Skt. trayas, Avestan thri, Gk. treis, L. tres, Lith. trys, O.C.S. trye, Ir., Welsh tri "three"). 3-D first attested 1952, abbreviation of three-dimensional (1878). Three-piece suit is recorded from 1909. Three cheers for ______ is recorded from 1751. Three-martini lunch is attested from 1972. Three-ring circus first recorded 1898. Three-sixty "complete turnaround" is from 1927, originally among aviators, in ref. to the number of degrees in a full circle. Three musketeers translates Fr. les trois mousquetaires, title of an 1844 novel by Alexandre Dumas père. 

yet: O.E. get, gieta "till now, thus far, earlier, at last, also," an Anglo-Frisian word (cf. O.Fris. ieta, M.H.G. ieuzo), of unknown origin. The meaning in other Gmc. languages is expressed by descendants of P.Gmc. *noh- (cf. Ger. noch), from PIE *nu-qe- "and now."

hadde→had→have: O.E. habban "to own, possess," from P.Gmc. *khaf- (cf. O.N. hafa, O.S. hebbjan, O.Fris. habba, Ger. haben, Goth. haban "to have"), from PIE *kap- "to grasp". Not related to L. habere, despite similarity in form and sense; the L. cognate is capere "seize." O.E. second pers. sing. pres. hæfst, third pers. sing. pres. hæfð became M.E. hast, hath, while O.E. -bb- became -v- in have. The p.p. had developed from O.E. gehæfd. Sense of "possess, have at one's disposal" (I have a book) is a shift from older languages, where the thing possessed was made the subject and the possessor took the dative case (e.g. L. est mihi liber "I have a book," lit. "there is to me a book"). Used as an auxiliary in O.E., too (esp. to form present perfect tense); the word has taken on more functions over time; Mod.Eng. he had better would have been O.E. him (dat.) wære betere. To have to for "must" (1579) is from sense of "possess as a duty or thing to be done" (O.E.). Have-not "poor person" first recorded 1836. Phrase have a nice day first attested 1971. You never had it so good (1946) was said to be the stock answer to any complaints about U.S. Army life. Phrase have (noun), will (verb) is from 1954, originally from comedian Bob Hope, in the form Have tux, will travel; Hope described it as typical of vaudevillians' ads in "Variety," indicating a willingness to perform anywhere, any time. 

thombe→thumb: O.E. þuma, from W.Gmc. *thumon- (cf. O.Fris. thuma, O.S., O.H.G. thumo, Ger. Daumen, Du. duim "thumb," O.N. þumall "thumb of a glove"), lit. "the stout or thick (finger)," from PIE *tum- "swell" (cf. L. tumere "to swell," tumidus "swollen;" Avestan tuma "fat;". For spelling with -b (attested from c.1290). The verb meaning "to go through" (especially of printed material) is first found 1930, though the related sense of "soil or wear by handling" dates from 1644. Verb meaning "to hitchhike" is 1939, originally the thumb pointed in the direction one wished to travel. Thumbnail sketch (1852) so called for its smallness. To be under (someone's) thumb "be totally controlled by that person" is recorded from 1586. Thumbs up (1887) and thumbs down (1906) were said to be from expressions of approval or the opposite in ancient amphitheaters, especially gladiator shows, where the gesture decided whether a defeated combatant was spared or slain. But the Roman gesture was merely one of hiding the thumb in the hand or extending it. Perhaps the modern gesture is from the usual coachmen's way of greeting while the hands are occupied with the reins.

gold: O.E. gold, from P.Gmc. *gulth- (cf. O.S., O.Fris., O.H.G. gold, Ger. Gold, M.Du. gout, Du. goud, O.N. gull, Dan. guld, Goth. gulþ), from PIE base *ghel-/*ghol- "yellow, green," possibly ult. "bright" (cf. O.C.S. zlato, Rus. zoloto, Skt. hiranyam, O.Pers. daraniya-, Avestan zaranya- "gold;". In reference to the color of the metal, it is recorded from c.1400. Golden replaced M.E. gilden, from O.E. gyldan. Gold is one of the few Mod.Eng. nouns that form adjs. meaning "made of ______" by adding -en (e.g. wooden, leaden, waxen, olden); O.E. also had silfren "made of silver," stænen "made of stone." Goldenrod is 1568; goldfinch is from O.E. goldfinc; goldfish is from 1698, introduced into England from China, where they are native. Gold-digger "woman who pursues men for their money," first recorded 1915. Goldbrick (n.) "shirker" (1914) is World War I armed forces slang, from earlier verb meaning "to swindle, cheat" (1902) from the old con game of selling spurious "gold" bricks. Golden mean "avoidance of excess" translates L. aurea mediocritas (Horace). Golden rule (originally Golden law) so called from 1674. "Do not do unto others as you would that they should do unto you. Their tastes may not be the same." [George Bernard Shaw, 1898] 

pardee: archaic form of leopard, c.1300, from L. pardus, from Gk. pardos "male panther," from the same source (probably Iranian) as Skt. prdaku-s "leopard, tiger, snake," and Pers. palang "panther."

whit: "smallest particle," 12c., in na whit "no amount," from O.E. nan wiht, from wiht "amount," originally "person, human being". 

cote: O.E. cote, fem. of cot (pl. cotu) "small house". Applied to buildings for animals from c.1420. 

blew→blow(v.): "move air," O.E. blawan "make an air current, sound a wind instrument" (class VII strong verb; past tense bleow, pp. blawen), from P.Gmc. *blæ-anan (cf. O.H.G. blaen), from PIE *bhle- "to swell, blow up" (cf. L. flare "to blow"). Slang "do fellatio on" sense is from 1933, as blow (someone) off, originally among prostitutes (blow job first recorded 1961 in the sexual sense; as recently as 1953 it meant "a type of airplane"). This usage is probably not connected to the colloquial imprecation (1781, associated with sailors, e.g. Popeye's "well, blow me down!"), which has pp. blowed. Meaning "to spend (money) foolishly and all at once" is 1890s; that of "bungle an opportunity" is from 1943. Blowhard (n.) "braggart" is from 1820s; blowout "big, loud party" is 1824. To blow up "explode" is from 1599. 

hood: "covering," O.E. hod, from P.Gmc. *khodaz (cf. O.Fris. hod, M.Du. hoet, Ger. Hut "hat," O.Fris. hode "guard, protection"), from PIE *kadh- "cover". Modern spelling is early 1400s to indicate a "long" vowel, which is no longer pronounced as such. Little Red Riding Hood (1729) translates Charles Perrault's Petit Chaperon Rouge ("Contes du Temps" 1697). 

wered: from the Old English Dictionary: wered: [OE. werod, weorod, etc., without parallels in the cognate languages.] A band, troop, company, host. 1725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) A407 Agmen, weorod. 971 Blickl. Hom. 131 Ac se hearym æs Godes hades æm englicum weorodum simle ondweard wæs. c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 34 Ealle as ing se hælend spræc mid bi-spellum to am weredum. Ibid. Mark xv. 16 Hi to-somne eall werod clypedon. c1205 LAY. 2598 He bi-com..vppen ane weorede of wlfan awedde. a1225 Ancr. R. 30 Ase er beo niene englene ordres [MSS. B, C weoredes]. a1240 Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 195 Al englene were[d] and alle holie ing Sigge and singe et tu ert liues welsprung. Comb. c1205 LAY. 509 if he heom mihte bi-winnen mid his wored strence. c1160 Hatton Gosp. Luke vi. 17 He stod on feldlicere stowe & micel werd hys leorningcnihte. a1225 St. Marher. 22 Hali is..e lauerd of heouene riche wordes. c1250 Gen. & Ex. 1786 Als he cam ner cananeam, Engel wir [sic] a-gen him cam. Ibid. 1790 or is wird of engeles metten him. a1275 Prov. Alfred 697 in O.E. Misc. 138 Bi ford dages he is aferd of sticke & ston in huge werd. a1300 Cursor M. 20282 He at i bar, at bligh brid, Sal me send of heuen wird [Gött. weird]. baggepipe→bagpipe: from the Old English Dictionary. Forms: 4-7 baggepipe, 5-6 -pype, bagpype, 7 bagg-pipe, 6- bag-pipe, bagpipe. 1. A musical instrument of great antiquity and wide diffusion, consisting of an air-tight wind-bag and one or more reed-pipes into which the air is pressed by the performer.   Formerly a favourite rural English musical instrument; now chiefly used in the Scottish Highlands and in Ireland. The modern Highland bagpipe consists of a greased leathern bag, covered with flannel, inflated by blowing into a valved mouth-tube, and having three drones or bass pipes, and a chanter for the tenor or treble. c1386 CHAUCER Prol. 565 A baggepipe wel coude he blowe and soune. 1483 Cath. Angl. 17 Bagpype, panduca. 1530 PALSGR. 196/2 Bagge pype, cornemuse. 1557 Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 197 And bagpipe, solace of the rurall bride. 1579 SPENSER Sheph. Cal. Apr. 3 Or is thy Bagpype broke, that soundes so sweete? 1596 SHAKES. 1 Hen. IV, I. ii. 86 As Melancholly as..a Louers Lute..or the Drone of a Lincolnshire Bagpipe. c1625 MS. Bodl. No. 30. 16b, If they heare the baggepipe then the beares are coming. 1638 HEYWOOD Witches Lanc. III. i. Wks. 1874 IV. 217 No Witchcraft can take hold of a Lancashire Bag-pipe. 1678 OTWAY Friendship in F. 30 A Scotch Song! I hate it worse then a Scotch Bagpipe. 1864 ENGEL Mus. Anc. Nat. 78 The bag~pipe is also very universal throughout Asia. 

blowe: from the Old English Dictionary. Pa. tense blew. Pa. pple. blown (also in sense 29 blowed). Forms: 1 bláwan, 2-3 blawen, (2 blauwen), blouwen, 3 bloawen, 5 blowen, blowyn, 3-7 blowe, 5- blow; (north.) 3-4 blau, 4-6 blawe, 3- blaw. pa. tense 1 bleów, bléw, 2-3 bleu, 4 blwe, blee, ble, 3-5 blu, 5 blue, 4-6 blewe, 4- blew. Also 4 blowide, 7 blowd, blowede, 6- blowed. pa. pple. 1 bláwen, blouen, 4-7 blowen, 6-7 blowne, 7- blown; also 4 y-blowe, blowun, blowe, 4-6 i-blowe, 7 bloun; north. 3 blaun, 4 blawun, 4-5 blawen, 6 blawne, blawin, blauen, blaw, 6- blawn. Also 6- blowed.  I. properly. To produce a current of air; to set in motion with a current of air.  * intransitively.  1. a. intr. The proper verb naming the motion or action of the wind, or of an aerial current. Sometimes with subject it, as ‘it blows hard’, and often with complement, as ‘it blew a gale, a hurricane’. to blow great guns: to blow a violent gale. to blow up: to rise, increase in force of blowing. c1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xii. 55 onne e eseo suan blawan. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 167 Lutel he hit scawe..hu biter wind er blawe. a1225 Ancr. R. 124 if a wind blowe a lutel touward us. a1300 Cursor M. 532 Wynd at blaws o loft. 1382 WYCLIF Ecclus. xliii. 22 The cold northerne wind blee [1388 blew]. 1530 PALSGR. 130 Il uente, it bloweth. 1580 BARET Alv. B829, I turne sayle that way as the winde bloweth. 1653 WALTON Angler 208 Heark how it rains and blows. 1697 DRYDEN Virg. Georg. III. 549 All the Weste Allies of stormy Boreas blow. 1785 BURNS Cotter's Sat. Nt. ii, November chill blaws loud wi' angry sugh. 1793 SMEATON Edystone L. §313 It blowed very hard, especially on the night of lighting. 1802 GOUV. MORRIS in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) III. 166 Straws and feathers..show which way the wind blows. 1840 MARRYAT Poor Jack x, The gale had blown up again. 1854 H. MILLER Sch. & Schm. (1858) 14 It soon began to blow great guns. 

sowne: from the Old English Dictionary. sowne, v. intr. 

therwithal→there+with+all: with: O.E. wið "against, opposite, toward," a shortened form related to wiðer, from P.Gmc. *withro- "against" (cf. O.S. withar "against," O.N. viðr "against, with, toward, at," M.Du., Du. weder, Du. weer "again," Goth. wiþra "against, opposite"), from PIE *wi-tero-, lit. "more apart," from base *wi- "separation" (cf. Skt. vi, Avestan vi- "asunder," Skt. vitaram "further, farther," O.C.S. vutoru "other, second"). In M.E., sense shifted to denote association, combination, and union, partly by influence of O.N. vidh, and also perhaps by L. cum "with" (as in pugnare cum "fight with"). In this sense, it replaced O.E. mid "with," which survives only as a prefix (e.g. midwife). Original sense of "against, in opposition" is retained in compounds such as withhold, withdraw, withstand. Often treated as a conjunction by ungrammatical writers and used where and would be correct. First record of with child "pregnant" is recorded from c.1200. With it "cool" is black slang, recorded by 1931. all: O.E. eall "all, every, entire," from P.Gmc. *alnaz (cf. O.Fris., O.H.G. al, O.N. allr, Goth. alls), with no certain connection outside Gmc. All-fired (1837) is U.S. slang euphemism for hell-fired. First record of all out "to one's full powers" is 1880. At all (c.1350) was formerly only in the affirmative, recently usually negative except in literary attempts at Irish dialect. All-star (adj.) is from 1889; all-American is from 1888, with ref. to baseball teams composed of the best players from the U.S. All-terrain vehicle first recorded 1970. All clear as a signal of "no danger" is recorded from 1902. All right, indicative of approval, is attested from 1953. 

broghte: 

us: O.E. us (cognate with O.S., O.Fris. us, O.N., Swed. oss), accusative and dative pl. of we, from PIE *ns- (cf. Skt. nas, Avestan na, Hittite nash "us;" Gk. no "we two;" L. nos "we, us;" O.C.S. ny "us," nasu "our;" O.Ir. ni, Welsh ni "we, us"). The -n- is preserved in Gmc. in Du. ons, Ger. uns.

out(adv.): O.E. ut, common Gmc. (cf. O.N., O.Fris., Goth. ut, Du. uit, Ger. aus), from PIE base *ud- "up, up away" (cf. Skt. ut "up, out," uttarah "higher, upper, later, northern;" Avestan uz- "up, out," O.Ir. ud- "out," L. usque "all the way to, without interruption," Gk. hysteros "the latter," Rus. vy- "out"). Meaning "unconscious" is attested from 1898, originally in boxing. Sense of "not popular or modern" is from 1966. The verb was O.E. utian "expel," used in many senses over the years. Meaning "to expose as a closet homosexual" is first recorded 1990; as an adj. meaning "openly avowing one's homosexuality" it dates from 1970s. Noun sense in baseball (1860) was originally from cricket, where it is attested from 1746. Adverbial phrase out-and-out "thoroughly" is attested from 1325; adj. usage is attested from 1813; out-of-the-way (adj.) "remote, secluded" is attested from c.1483. Out-of-towner "one not from a certain place" is from 1911. Shakespeare's It out-herods Herod ("Hamlet") reflects Herod as stock braggart and bully in old religious drama and was widely imitated 19c. Out to lunch "insane" is student slang from 1955; out of this world "excellent" is from 1938; out of sight "excellent, superior" is from 1891.

towne→town: O.E. tun "enclosure, enclosed land with buildings," later "village," from P.Gmc. *tunaz, *tunan (cf. O.S., O.N., O.Fris. tun "fence, hedge," M.Du. tuun "fence," Du. tuin "garden," O.H.G. zun, Ger. Zaun "fence, hedge"), an early borrowing from Celtic *dunom (cf. O.Ir. dun, Welsh din "fortress, fortified place, camp;"). Meaning "inhabited place larger than a village" (1154) arose after the Norman conquest, to correspond to Fr. ville. The modern word is partially a generic term, applicable to cities of great size as well as places intermediate between a city and a village; such use is unusual, the only parallel is perhaps L. oppidium, which occasionally was applied to Rome or Athens (each of which was more properly an urbs). First record of town hall is from 1481; townhouse "residence in a town" is from 1825. Townie "townsman, one raised in a town" is recorded from 1827, often opposed to the university students or circus workers who were just passing through. Town ball, version of baseball, is recorded from 1852. Town car (1907) originally was a motor car with an enclosed passenger compartment and open driver's seat. On the town "living the high life" is from 1712. Go to town "do (something) energetically" is first recorded 1933. Man about town "one constantly seen at public and private functions" is attested from 1734.

gentil→gentle: c.1225, from O.Fr. gentil "high-born, noble," from L. gentilis "of the same family or clan," from gens (gen. gentis) "race, clan," from root of gignere "beget", from PIE base *gen- "produce." Sense of "gracious, kind" (now obsolete) first recorded c.1280; that of "mild, tender" is 1552. Older sense remains in gentleman "well-born man" (c.1275). Gentleman's agreement is first attested 1929.

MAUNCIPLE: 

temple: "building for worship," O.E. tempel, from L. templum "piece of ground consecrated for the taking of auspices, building for worship," of uncertain signification. Commonly referred either to PIE base *tem- "to cut," on notion of "place reserved or cut out," or to PIE base *temp- "to stretch," on notion of cleared space in front of an altar. Fig. sense of "any place regarded as occupied by divine presence" was in O.E. Applied to Jewish synagogues from 1598. 

which: O.E. hwilc (W.Saxon) "which," short for hwi-lic "of what form," from P.Gmc. *khwilikaz (cf. O.S. hwilik, O.N. hvelikr, Swed. vilken, O.Fris. hwelik, M.Du. wilk, Du. welk, O.H.G. hwelich, Ger. welch, Goth. hvileiks "which"), from *khwi- "who" + *likan "body, form". In M.E. used as a relative pronoun where mod. Eng. would use who, as still in the Lord's Prayer. O.E. also had parallel forms hwelc and hwylc, which disappeared 15c. 

achatours: related to the verb cater: 1600, from M.E. catour (n.) "buyer of provisions" (c.1400), aphetic for Anglo-Fr. achatour, from O.Fr. achater "to buy," orig. "to buy provisions," from V.L. *accaptare, from L. ad- "to" + captare "to take, hold," freq. of capere "to take". Caterer is attested from 1592. 

myghte→might(v.): O.E. mihte, meahte, originally the past tense of may (O.E. magen "to be able"), thus "*may-ed." The first record of might-have-been is from 1848.

take: late O.E. tacan, from a N.Gmc. source (e.g. O.N. taka "take, grasp, lay hold," past tense tok, pp. tekinn; Swed. ta, pp. tagit), from P.Gmc. *tækanan (cf. M.L.G. tacken, M.Du. taken, Goth. tekan "to touch"), of uncertain origin, perhaps originally meaning "to touch." Gradually replaced M.E. nimen as the verb for "to take," from O.E. niman, from the usual W.Gmc. *nem- root (cf. Ger. nehmen, Du. nemen), also of unknown origin. OED calls it "one of the elemental words of the language;" take up alone has 55 varieties of meaning in that dictionary. Basic sense is "to lay hold of," which evolved to "accept, receive" (as in take my advice) c.1200; "absorb" (he can take a punch) c.1200; "to choose, select" (take the long way home) c.1275; "to make, obtain" (take a shower) 1375; "to become affected by" (take sick) c.1300. Take five is 1929, from the approximate time it takes to smoke a cigarette. Take it easy first recorded 1880; take the plunge "act decisively" is from 1876; take the rap "accept (undeserved) punishment" is from 1930. Phrase take it or leave it is recorded from 1897.

exemple: 1382, Latin-zed refashioning of earlier essample, from O.Fr. essample, from L. exemplum "a sample," lit. "that which is taken out," from eximere "take out, remove". Oldest Eng. senses are of "behavior" and "punishment."